The ICOS Ocean Thematic Centre (OTC) coordinates a European network of ocean observation systems that deliver high-quality, long-term measurements essential for understanding the role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle. By combining observations from research vessels, fixed stations, and ships of opportunity, the OTC provides consistent and reliable data on greenhouse gas concentrations and air–sea carbon fluxes across key regions, including the Atlantic Ocean.

The ocean currently absorbs approximately 25% of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from human activities, acting as a critical buffer against climate change. Accurately quantifying this oceanic sink is vital for improving climate predictions and supporting effective mitigation strategies. In particular, understanding carbon fluxes in the Atlantic Ocean is essential for determining the European carbon budget and ensuring accurate assessment of terrestrial carbon exchanges.

To fully capture the complexity of the ocean’s role, the ICOS ocean network integrates surface and subsurface measurements at both regional and global scales. Through rigorous data quality control and harmonisation, the OTC ensures that observations are comparable across countries and platforms, supporting scientific research, climate policy, and international reporting efforts.